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Autonomia Operaia
Autonomia Operaia was an Italian leftist movement particularly active from 1976 to 1978. It took an important role in the autonomist movement in the 1970s, aside earlier organisations such as ''Potere Operaio'', created after May 1968, and ''Lotta Continua''.
==Beginning==
The autonomist movement gathered itself around the free radio movement, such as ''Onda Rossa'' in Rome, Radio Alice in Bologna, ''Controradio'' in Firenze, Radio Sherwood in Padova, and other local radios, giving it a diffusion in the whole country. It also published several newspapers and magazines which were circulated nationally, above all ''Rosso'' in Milan, ''I Volsci'' in Rome, ''Autonomia'' in Padua and ''A/traverso'' in Bologna. It was a decentralized, localist network or "area" of movements, particularly strong in Rome, Milan, Padua and Bologna, but at its height in 1977 was also often present in small towns and villages where not even the Italian Communist Party (PCI) was present〔Gun Cuninghame, Patrick. ''Autonomia: A Movement Of Refusal - Social Movements And Social Conflict In Italy In The 1970s''. Middlesex University, unpublished PhD thesis, 2002.〕
There was also an armed tendency known as ''autonomia armata'' (armed autonomy).〔Gun Cuninghame, Patrick. ‘Autonomia In The Seventies: The Refusal Of Work, The Party And Politics’, ''Cultural Studies Review'' (Special Issue On Contemporary Italian Political Theory)(Of Melbourne, Australia ), Vol. 11, No. 2, September 2005, pp.77-94.〕
People such as Oreste Scalzone, Franco Piperno, professor in Calabria University, Toni Negri in Padova or Franco Berardi, aka Bifo, at Radio Alice were the movement's most well-known figures. The movement became particularly active in March 1977, after the police in Bologna killed Francesco Lo Russo, a member of ''Lotta Continua''. This event gave rise to a series of demonstrations in various parts of Italy. Bologna University and Rome ''La Sapienza'' University were occupied by students. On orders from Interior Minister Francesco Cossiga the ''carabinieri'' surrounded Bologna's university area. This repression met with some international protest, in particular from French philosophers Michel Foucault, Jean-Paul Sartre, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, who also denounced the Italian Communist Party's (PCI) opposition to the University occupation. The PCI was supporting at this time Eurocommunism and the historic compromise with the Christian Democrats.
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